Why Is Circumcision Performed?

Circumcision is a surgical procedure in which the foreskin, the loose fold of skin covering the tip of the penis, is removed. It is one of the most common and oldest surgical procedures in the world. Circumcision is often done for religious or cultural reasons, but it is also recommended for medical reasons, such as recurrent infections, phimosis (tight foreskin that cannot be pulled back), or other problems that affect hygiene and comfort.

In babies, the procedure is usually quick and done with local anesthesia to reduce pain. In older children and adults, the surgery is done under anesthesia suited to age and health. After circumcision, the penis is easier to keep clean, and many people report fewer infections and irritation.

Purpose & Benefits of Circumcision

● Improves hygiene by removing the foreskin

● Reduces the risk of infections under the foreskin

● Helps treat phimosis (tight foreskin)

● May reduce the chance of urinary infections in infants

● Can reduce the risk of certain sexually transmitted infections

● May lower the risk of penile cancer (rare)

Who May Need Circumcision?

● Babies soon after birth (elective or cultural)

● Boys with phimosis (inability to retract foreskin)

● People with repeated foreskin infections (balanitis)

● Individuals with foreskin tears or pain

● Adults seeking circumcision for personal or medical reasons

Types of Circumcision

1. Traditional Surgical Circumcision

This is the standard method where the surgeon uses a scalpel or surgical scissors to remove the foreskin and then stitches the edges for proper healing.

2. Sleeve Technique Circumcision

A controlled dome-shaped section of skin is removed in one piece. This method helps ensure a smooth edge and a good cosmetic result.

3. Plast bell Circumcision

Commonly used in infants. A small plastic ring (Plast bell) is placed under the foreskin, the foreskin is tied over it, and the ring falls off naturally in a few days.

4. Clamp Techniques (Gomo, Mogen)

Devices like the Gomo clamp or Mogen clamp are used to protect the tip of the penis while allowing the surgeon to remove the foreskin safely. These are often used for babies and young boys.

Your doctor will choose the best method based on age, health, and preference.

Circumcision Procedure: Step-by-Step

Before the Procedure:

1. The doctor examines the penis and checks your or your child’s health history.

2. Tests may be done if needed, especially in adults.

3. Instructions on fasting (for older children and adults) or anesthesia are given.

During the Procedure:

1. Anesthesia:

Babies receive local anesthesia or topical numbing medicine.

Older children and adults may have local anesthesia, sedation, or general anesthesia depending on age and comfort.

2. Preparing the Area:

The genital area is cleaned with antiseptic to lower the risk of infection.

3. Removal of Foreskin:

The surgeon carefully removes the foreskin using the chosen method (surgical cut, clamp, or device).

4. Closing:

The edge of the skin is stitched (if needed) with dissolving stitches. A sterile dressing or bandage is applied.

The procedure usually takes 10–30 minutes, depending on the technique and age. Most patients go home the same day.

Recovery & Aftercare

Initial Healing:

● The day after surgery, you may see mild swelling, redness, or bruising, this is normal.

● Any dressing should be kept clean and dry as advised.

Pain Management:

● Pain medicines recommended by the doctor help ease discomfort.

Cleaning:

● Gently clean the area with warm water and pat dry.

● Avoid harsh soaps or scrubbing until the area heals.

Activity:

● Babies and young children should avoid vigorous activity for a few days.

● Adults should avoid heavy exercise and sexual activity until fully healed.

Stitches:

● Most stitches dissolve on their own in a few days to weeks.

● If non-dissolving stitches were used, your doctor will remove them at a follow-up visit.

Timeline:

● Most healing occurs within 7–14 days.

● Complete healing may take a few weeks.

Call your doctor if you see heavy bleeding, pus, severe pain, fever, or difficulty urinating — these may be signs of a complication.

Risks & Possible Complications

Circumcision is generally safe, but there can be some risks, such as:

● Pain or discomfort after surgery

● Infection at the surgical site

● Bleeding or slow healing

● Excess skin removal or uneven edges

● Rare injury to the head of the penis

Your doctor will explain how to reduce risks and what signs to watch for during recovery.

Circumcision vs Foreskin Stretching/Non-Surgical Options

Circumcision:

● Permanently removes the foreskin

● Long-lasting solution for phimosis or recurrent infections

● Requires surgical care and recovery

Non-Surgical Options (such as stretching):

● In some mild cases, gentle stretching and steroid creams may help loosen a tight foreskin

● Works best in mild phimosis

● May not be effective for all patients

Your doctor will help decide whether surgery or non-surgical methods are right for your situation.

Dr. Dilip Raja

MBBS, MNAMS - Urology, DNB - Urology/Genito - Urinary Surgery, MS - General Surgery, FICS

Urology

Sagar Fortune 404, Waterfield Road, Opp National College, Nxt to China gate restaurant, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, 400050

  • Mumbai, Maharashtra
  • DocIndia Verified
  • 3 Awards
  • Consultation fee 3000
  • Dr. Raja Urology & Andrology Centre + 3 more clinics

Dr. Gaurav Priyadarshan

General, laparoscopic,Laser Surgeon

General Surgeon

730, EM bypass ,Anandapur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, 700107

  • Kolkata, West Bengal
  • DocIndia Verified
  • 4 Awards
  • Consultation fee 700 - 800
  • Fortis Hospital, Anandapur + 2 more clinics

Dr. Durai Ravi

Senior Consultant General , Advanced Laparoscopic ,Laser & Robotic surgeon

Surgery

Colorectal Surgery

Gastroenterology

Sathyadev avenue, Sathyadev avenue, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 600028

  • Chennai, Tamil Nadu
  • DocIndia Verified
  • 5 Awards
  • Consultation fee 500 - 1000
  • Apollo Spectra Hospitals + 3 more clinics

Dr. Sivagamasundari Angamuthu

MBBS, DNB (General Surgery), FIAGES Consultant General, Laparoscopic & Laser Surgeon

General Surgeon

Podiatry

VARA 420 SWAGATH NAGAR, Vattiyoorkavu, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, 695013

  • Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
  • DocIndia Verified
  • Consultation fee 300
  • Dr. Siva's Clinic

Dr. Aditya Kumar Sharma

MBBS, MS - General Surgery, MCh - Urology, Fellowship in Laparoscopy

Urology

Viraj Khand Gomti Nagar, Former Sahara Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, 226010

  • Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
  • DocIndia Verified
  • 11 Awards
  • Consultation fee 700
  • Max Super Speciality Hospital Lucknow

Dr. Sadhana Deo

MBBS, MS - General Surgery

General Surgeon

43/67, Navasahyadri Society, Akshay, Karvenagar, Sonchafa Path, Opposite Anurekha society board lane / Sudant dental clinic, Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India, 411052

  • Pune, Maharashtra
  • DocIndia Verified
  • 4 Awards
  • Consultation fee 1000
  • Dr. Deo's Clinic

Dr. Ritesh Dhanbhar

Dr Ritesh Dhanbhar

Surgery

Gastroenterology

Colorectal Surgery

Popatkhed Road, Akot, Akot, Maharashtra, India, 444101

  • Akot, Maharashtra
  • DocIndia Verified
  • Consultation fee 200
  • Lokhande Hospital

Dr. Parag Shah

MBBS, MS - General Surgery

Surgery

Neptune Diagnostics, RB Mehta Marg, Saibaba Nagar, Pant Nagar, Ghatkopar East, Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

  • Mumbai, Maharashtra
  • 1 Award
  • Practo Care Surgeries + 1 more clinic

Dr. Nitin A Jain

DNB - Surgical Gastroenterology, MS - General Surgery, DNB - General Surgery, MBBS

Gastroenterology

Gastro Surgery Clinic, 9, Ground Floor XL plaza, GHP Excel Tower, IIT Market, Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

  • Mumbai, Maharashtra
  • 2 Awards
  • Practo Care Surgeries + 4 more clinics

Dr. Aditi Agrawal

MBBS, MS - General Surgery

Surgery

Siddhivinayak Eye & Skin Clinic, 303, Vini Elegance, 3rd Floor, L.T. Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

  • Mumbai, Maharashtra
  • 1 Award
  • Practo Care Surgeries + 9 more clinics

Frequently Asked Questions

Circumcision is used to remove the foreskin of the penis. It is done for medical reasons, like tight foreskin or infections, or for cultural/religious reasons.

No. Anesthesia (numbing medicine) is used so you or your child does not feel pain during the procedure. Some mild discomfort afterwards is normal and can be managed with medicines.

The surgery usually takes about 10 to 30 minutes, depending on the method and age of the patient.

Most people heal in about 1–2 weeks. Swelling and mild discomfort may last a few days, and full healing may take a few weeks.

Many techniques use dissolving stitches that disappear on their own. If non-dissolving stitches are used, they are removed at a follow-up visit.

Yes. Circumcision can be done safely in newborns, children, and adults. The type of anesthesia may vary by age.

Keep the area clean, avoid vigorous activity, take pain medicines as advised, and attend follow-up visits.

Yes, but serious complications are rare. Possible risks include infection, bleeding, and slow wound healing. Your doctor will guide you on care to reduce risks.