What is Hysteroscopy?
Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive medical procedure used to examine the inside of the uterus and cervix. It is performed using a thin, lighted tube called a hysteroscope, which is inserted through the vagina.
This procedure helps doctors diagnose and treat various uterine conditions such as abnormal bleeding, fibroids, polyps, and infertility issues.
Hysteroscopy can be used for both diagnostic and treatment purposes. In many cases, doctors can identify and treat the problem during the same procedure, making it efficient and less invasive compared to traditional surgeries.
Purpose & Benefits of Hysteroscopy
● Helps diagnose uterine conditions accurately
● Treats problems like fibroids, polyps, and adhesions
● Identifies causes of abnormal uterine bleeding
● Assists in infertility evaluation
● Minimally invasive with no external cuts
● Faster recovery compared to open surgery
Who May Need Hysteroscopy?
● Women with abnormal or heavy menstrual bleeding
● Patients with bleeding after menopause
● Women facing infertility or repeated miscarriages
● Individuals with suspected uterine fibroids or polyps
● Patients with uterine abnormalities or scarring
● Women with misplaced intrauterine devices (IUDs)
Types of Hysteroscopy
1. Diagnostic Hysteroscopy
Used to examine the uterus and identify issues such as abnormal bleeding, infertility causes, or structural problems.
2. Operative Hysteroscopy
Performed to treat problems found during diagnosis, such as removing fibroids, polyps, or scar tissue.
3. Combined Hysteroscopy
Both diagnosis and treatment are done in a single procedure, reducing the need for multiple interventions.
Hysteroscopy Procedure: Step-by-Step
● Patient is asked to empty the bladder and change into a gown
● A speculum is inserted into the vagina
● The cervix may be gently dilated
● A hysteroscope is inserted through the vagina into the uterus
● Fluid or gas is used to expand the uterus for better visibility
● Doctor examines the uterine lining
● If needed, instruments are used to treat abnormalities
● The hysteroscope is removed after completion
The procedure is usually done in a clinic or hospital and may take a short time depending on complexity.
Recovery & Aftercare
Most patients can go home the same day as hysteroscopy is usually an outpatient procedure.
Mild cramping and light vaginal bleeding may occur for a few days after the procedure. Patients are advised to avoid heavy activities and follow doctor instructions.
Recovery time is generally quick, especially for diagnostic procedures.
Risks & Possible Complications
● Infection
● Bleeding
● Uterine perforation (rare)
● Damage to cervix or nearby organs
● Reaction to anesthesia
● Fluid-related complications
Although complications are rare, hysteroscopy is generally considered a safe procedure.
Hysteroscopy vs Other Treatments
Hysteroscopy allows direct visualization of the uterus, unlike imaging tests such as ultrasound which provide indirect views.
It is more precise than procedures like dilation and curettage (D&C) because it enables doctors to see and treat the problem at the same time.
Compared to open surgery, hysteroscopy is less invasive, involves quicker recovery, and reduces hospital stay.
Gynecology
Endocrinology
Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Surgery